Acoustic Analysis of the Hardened Consonant [T] in Western Dialects of Ukrainian
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Abstract
The study is devoted to the acoustic examination of voiceless dental stop [t] evolved from the voiceless dorsal palatal stop [tj] in Western Ukrainian dialects. It refers to the verbs of the third-person singular and plural forms in present tense, as well as the verb forms used in the imperative mood of the second person plural, in which inflexions contain the voiceless dental stop [t] instead of the traditional for the Ukrainian language dorsal palatal stop [tj] (standard language: ‘vin robytj, ‘iditj siudy, ‘vony sydiatj vs. dialect: ‘vin robyt, ‘idit siudy, ‘vony sydiat’). The aim of the study is to investigate the phonetic properties of voiceless dental stop [t] in the flexions of verbs of the third-person singular and plural forms in present tense, as well as the verb forms used in the imperative mood of the second person plural, which differs from [t] in other words according to our supposition. The study is based on experimental method: a spectral analysis of the samples of the corresponding consonants was performed (voiceless dental stop [t] in analyzed grammatical position, voiceless dental stop [t] in another grammatical position and dorsal palatal stop [tj]). The experimental database consisted of one sample of each type of consonants. Given the low statistical sample of experimental data, this study is considered trial. Duringthe spectral analysis, the arithmetic mean values of the spectrum levels in phonetically relevant ranges, as well as the difference between these mean values are calculated. In this way, similar and different acoustic properties of the analyzed consonants were found. The ranges of spectrum of sounds, which determine the articulation of palatal consonants and non-palatal consonants according to the literature, were investigated. As a result of spectral analysis of samples of Hutsul speech, it was found that the acoustic picture of dental stop [t] is a little bit different in these verb forms compared with the same consonant realization in other words. Initially it was supposed that the possible peculiarity is the quality of the articulation place (presence / absence of palatalization): dialect consonant [t] in verb inflections probably contains remnants of palatal noise, because it evolved from dorsal palatal stop in these forms. However, using the analysis of waveform and sonograms it was discovered that the main feature of dialect voiceless dental stop [t] in these verb forms compared to other words is determined by manner of articulation: in the analyzed forms of verbs this consonant has a stronger plosive character.
Ref. 18, fig. 3.
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